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Date: April 29, 2024 Mon
Time: 10:13 pm
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Results for rights of the child
11 results foundAuthor: United Nations Children's Fund - UNICEF Title: Ending Child Marriage: Progress and Prospects Summary: Worldwide, more than 700 million women alive today were married before their 18th birthday. More than one in three (about 250 million) entered into union before age 15. Boys are also married as children, but girls are disproportionately affected. In Niger, for instance, 77 per cent of women aged 20 to 49 were married before age 18 in contrast to 5 per cent of men in the same age group. Even in countries where child marriage is less common, the same gender differences are found. In the Republic of Moldova, for example, 15 per cent of women aged 20 to 49 were married before age 18 compared to 2 per cent of men. Furthermore, girls are often married to considerably older men. In Mauritania and Nigeria, more than half of adolescent girls aged 15 to 19 who are currently married have husbands who are 10 or more years older than they are. Child marriage is a manifestation of gender inequality, reflecting social norms that perpetuate discrimination against girls. Child marriage among girls is most common in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, and the 10 countries with the highest rates are found in these two regions. Niger has the highest overall prevalence of child marriage in the world. However, Bangladesh has the highest rate of marriage involving girls under age 15. South Asia is home to almost half (42 per cent) of all child brides worldwide; India alone accounts for one third of the global total. Details: New York: UNICEF, 2014. 8p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 3, 2014 at: http://www.unicef.org/media/files/Child_Marriage_Report_7_17_LR..pdf Year: 2014 Country: International URL: http://www.unicef.org/media/files/Child_Marriage_Report_7_17_LR..pdf Shelf Number: 133935 Keywords: Child Marriage (Africa, Asia)Child ProtectionRights of the Child |
Author: Human Rights Watch Title: Summary: Thirty-seven percent of girls in Nepal marry before age 18 and 10 percent are married by age 15, in spite of the fact that the minimum age of marriage under Nepali law is 20 years of age. Boys also often marry young in Nepal, though in lower numbers than girls. UNICEF data indicates that Nepal has the third highest rate of child marriage in Asia, after Bangladesh and India. In interviewing dozens of children and young people, Human Rights Watch learned that these marriages result from a web of factors including poverty, lack of access to education, child labor, social pressures, and harmful practices. Cutting across all of these is entrenched gender inequality, and damaging social norms that make girls less valued than boys in Nepali society. Details: New York: HRW, 2016. 131p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 13, 2016 at: https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/report_pdf/nepal0816_web.pdf Year: 2016 Country: Nepal URL: https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/report_pdf/nepal0816_web.pdf Shelf Number: 145535 Keywords: Child Abuse and NeglectChild MarriageChild ProtectionHuman Rights AbusesRights of the Child |
Author: International Center for Research on Women Title: Economic Impacts of Child Marriage: Global Synthesis Report Summary: The international community is increasingly aware of the negative impacts of child marriage on a wide range of development outcomes. Ending child marriage is now part of the Sustainable Development Goals. Yet investments to end the practice remain limited across the globe and more could be done. In order to inspire greater commitments towards ending child marriage, this study demonstrates the negative impacts of the practice and their associated economic costs. The study looks at five domains of impacts: (i) fertility and population growth; (ii) health, nutrition, and violence; (iii) educational attainment and learning; (iv) labor force participation and earnings; and (v) participation, decision-making, and investments. Economic costs associated with the impacts are estimated for several of the impacts. When taken together across countries, the costs of child marriage are very high. They suggest that investing to end child marriage is not only the right thing to do, but also makes sense economically. Details: Washington, D.C.: World Bank Group, 2017. 99p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 1, 2017 at; http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/530891498511398503/pdf/116829-WP-P151842-PUBLIC-EICM-Global-Conference-Edition-June-27.pdf Year: 2017 Country: International URL: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/530891498511398503/pdf/116829-WP-P151842-PUBLIC-EICM-Global-Conference-Edition-June-27.pdf Shelf Number: 146486 Keywords: Child MarriageEconomic AnalysisGender-Based ViolenceRights of the Child |
Author: Casa Alianza Nicaragua Title: Street Children and Juvenile Justice in Nicaragua Summary: This paper is part of a two-year research and advocacy project examining the situation of the human rights abuses of street children in juvenile justice systems in six countries: Kenya, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Pakistan, the Philippines and Romania. The study used research and national, cross-sectoral workshops involving street children, civil society organisations, the police, judiciary, social and probation services and other stakeholders. This report provides a brief analysis of the situation of street children in Nicaragua, and the reasons for their arrival and prolonged existence on the streets. It examines the existing legal processes, terms and guarantees of national laws relating to juvenile justice in Nicaragua, primarily the Special Criminal Justice System for Adolescents, to identify the gaps and shortcomings that permit rights violations to occur. Street children and other actors from relevant institutions (police, judiciary, NGOs etc.) provide information on the actual experience of children in conflict with the law at all stages, from arrest through to trial, sentencing and detention. The report also details evidence of good practices regarding the treatment of street children subject to the justice system and suggests recommendations to improve the observance and respect of fundamental rights and national and international legislation. Recommendations to the government of the Republic of Nicaragua include: ensure the provision of humane treatment to children in provisional detention and that their innocence is continually presumed provide training for penitentiary staff on the correct and appropriate treatment of children the quality and quantity of food provided in both provisional and definite detention should be designed with children's particular needs in mind, and sufficient to ensure a basic, healthy diet and the preservation of good health Recommendations to the National Police include: all police personnel must be trained in human rights, the rights of children and adolescents, Special Criminal Justice for Adolescents and the Regulations for Administration of Justice for Adolescents Recommendations to the judiciary: necessary budget allocation should be made to the judiciary powers for creation of Adolescent Courts and their respective specialised teams that are still lacking in the rest of the country all judges should be trained on human rights and the rights of the child. Details: London: Consortium for Street Children, 2004. 53p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 3, 2017 at; http://www.streetchildrenresources.org/resources/street-children-and-juvenile-justice-in-nicaragua/ Year: 2004 Country: Nicaragua URL: http://www.streetchildrenresources.org/resources/street-children-and-juvenile-justice-in-nicaragua/ Shelf Number: 130122 Keywords: Human Rights AbusesJuvenile Justice SystemsRights of the ChildStreet Children |
Author: GreeneWorks Title: Engaging Men and Boys to End The Practice of Child Marriage Summary: Engaging Men and Boys to End the Practice of Child Marriage explores how unequal gender norms uphold this practice and through program examples identifies the ways men and boys are helping to prevent child marriage and mitigate its consequences. Community norms around gender and age inequality, the low value of girls and women, and acceptance of patriarchy and male sexual entitlement to females lie at the root of child marriage. Ending this custom requires communities to collectively dismantle these discriminatory norms and replace them with new, equitable norms. The programs and approaches highlighted in this review have worked with men, boys, and their communities to shift their attitudes and behavior to encourage gender equality and discourage child marriage. Details: Washington, DC: GreenWorks, 2015. 23p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 8, 2017 at: http://promundoglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Engaging-Men-and-Boys-to-End-the-Practice-of-Child-Marriage1.pdf Year: 2015 Country: International URL: http://promundoglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Engaging-Men-and-Boys-to-End-the-Practice-of-Child-Marriage1.pdf Shelf Number: 146777 Keywords: Child MarriageChildren, Crimes AgainstHuman Rights, ChildrenRights of the Child |
Author: Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action Title: Toolkit on Unaccompanied and Separated Children Summary: This toolkit includes the following: Key international instruments and guidelines relating to UASC Child-specific human rights instruments - United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), 1989 - Optional Protocol to the CRC on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict, 2000 - Optional Protocol to the CRC on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography, 2000 - Optional Protocol to the CRC on a Communications Procedure, 2011 - Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, 1998 - Convention Concerning the Prohibition and Immediate Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour (International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention No. 182), 1999 - Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, and the Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (Anti-Trafficking Protocol), 2000 - The Hague Conference on Private International Law - Convention for the Protection of Minors, 1961 - Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction, 1980 - Convention on Protection of Children and Cooperation in Respect of Inter-country Adoption, 1993, and its Recommendation Concerning the Application to Refugee Children and Other Internationally Displaced Children, 1994 - Convention on Jurisdiction, Applicable Law, Recognition, Enforcement and Cooperation in Respect of Parental Responsibility and Measures for the Protection of Children, 1996 - Rules for the Protection of Juveniles Deprived of their Liberty, 1990 Details: s.l.: The Alliance, 2017. 250p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 11, 2017 at: https://childprotectionallianceblog.files.wordpress.com/2017/04/tools-web-2017-0322.pdf Year: 2017 Country: International URL: https://childprotectionallianceblog.files.wordpress.com/2017/04/tools-web-2017-0322.pdf Shelf Number: 147220 Keywords: Child ProtectionChild TraffickingChild WelfareHuman RightsHuman SmugglingRights of the ChildUnaccompanied Children |
Author: Chae, Sophia Title: The Global State of Evidence on Interventions to Prevent Child Marriage Summary: Child marriage, defined as marriage before age 18, is a violation of human rights. Every year, 15 million girls are married as children-equating to one girl marrying every two seconds. Although many countries impose laws setting 18 as the minimum age of marriage, the practice of child marriage remains widespread. Globally, 720 million women alive today were married before turning 18, with one-third married before age 15. Child marriage is prevalent but varies widely in sub-Saharan Africa (range: 5-76%) and South Asia (range: 4-52%). In subSaharan Africa, around 4 in 10 girls marry by age 18. Although the prevalence of child marriage is lower in South Asia, its larger population size produces a higher absolute number of married girls. As a result, two in five married girls live in South Asia, and one in three live in India. Many social and economic factors fuel the harmful practice of child marriage. Poverty, one of the most common drivers, pushes families to use marriage as an economic strategy to free up limited resources for the rest of the family. In contexts where the exchange of bridewealth or dowry is practiced, families may be financially motivated to marry their daughters early, and where virginity is strongly valued, parents may marry their daughters early to ensure that they remain virgins until marriage. Girls who become pregnant out of wedlock may be viewed as bringing shame and dishonor to the family. Moreover, a lack of viable alternatives could lead girls to marry early, particularly if they are not working or in school. Child marriage marks the end of childhood and adolescence, forcing girls to assume adult roles and responsibilities even though they are not physically and emotionally ready to do so. This harmful practice can have severe repercussions for girls, their children, and their communities. Childbearing is often expected to take place soon after marriage, putting girls at risk of suffering complications or even dying during pregnancy and childbirth because their bodies are not yet fully developed. Consequently, children born to adolescent mothers experience poorer health outcomes and higher mortality rates than children born to older mothers. In addition, girls who marry before age 18 experience elevated rates of intimate partner violence compared to their peers who marry as adults (29% vs. 20%, respectively). Not only does child marriage produce negative consequences for girls and their children, but it also has negative effects for their families, communities, and societies. The economic impact of child marriage is significant. For example, global GDP could be $4 trillion higher for the period 2014 to 2030 if child marriage was eliminated. Thus, child marriage perpetuates the cycle of poverty that exists in low- and middle-income countries Details: New York: GIRL Center for Innovation, Research, and Learning, Population Council, 2017. 19p. Source: Internet Resource: GIRL Center Research Brief, No. 1: Accessed December 4, 2017 at" https://www.girlsnotbrides.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/2017PGY_GIRLCenterResearchBrief_01.pdf Year: 2017 Country: International URL: https://www.girlsnotbrides.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/2017PGY_GIRLCenterResearchBrief_01.pdf Shelf Number: 148694 Keywords: Child Marriage Child Protection Rights of the Child |
Author: Wodon, Quentin Title: Ending Child Marriage: Child Marriage Laws and their Limitations Summary: Child marriage is defined as a formal or informal union before the age of 18. The practice affects mostly girls. While child marriage is especially prevalent in low and lower-middle income countries, it is also observed in other countries. It endangers the life trajectories of girls in multiple ways. Child brides are at greater risk of experiencing a range of poor health outcomes, having children at younger ages when they are not yet ready to do so, dropping out of school, earning less over their lifetimes and living in poverty compared to their peers who marry at later ages. Child brides may also be more likely to experience intimate partner violence, have restricted physical mobility, and limited decisionmaking ability. Most fundamentally, child brides may be disempowered in ways that deprive them of their basic rights to health, education and safety. These dynamics affect not only the girls themselves, but also their children and households, as well as communities and entire societies. Child marriage is widely considered as a violation of human rights and a form of violence against girls. The elimination of child marriage by 2030 is a target under the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Yet investments to end the practice are limited, and worldwide the incidence of child marriage has been declining too slowly over time to achieve the SDG target. Furthermore, in many countries, it remains legal to marry a girl before she turns 18, and even in countries where marriage before 18 is in principle illegal, too many girls continue to marry early. This brief summarizes findings from research undertaken by Save the Children and the World Bank on the lack of legal protection against child marriage for girls and marriages that take place below the national minimum age of marriage . The analysis suggests that many countries still do not effectively legally protect girls against child marriage, but also that legal reforms are not sufficient to end the practice as many girls marry illegally in countries where legal protections are in place. While protecting girls in the law against child marriage is an important first step, additional interventions are needed to prevent child marriage. Details: Washington, DC: World Bank, 2017. 12p. Source: Internet Resource: accessed February 2, 2018 at: http://wbl.worldbank.org/~/media/WBG/WBL/Documents/Reports/2017/WBL2017_Child_Marriage_Laws.pdf Year: 2017 Country: International URL: http://wbl.worldbank.org/~/media/WBG/WBL/Documents/Reports/2017/WBL2017_Child_Marriage_Laws.pdf Shelf Number: 148971 Keywords: Child Marriage Child Protection Rights of the Child |
Author: Inter-American Commission on Human Rights Title: The situation of boys and adult girls and adolescents in the criminal justice system justice for s in the United States (La situacion de nibos y ninas y adolescentes en el sistema penal de justicia para adultos en Estados Unidos) Summary: 1. As a result of its visits and the information received, the IACHR observes that a significant number of children and adolescents are treated as adults in the United States criminal justice system, in violation of their fundamental right to special protection and to be judged by a specialized juvenile justice system. This situation is the main object of this Report. The IACHR also observed that the phenomenon of treating adults to children and adolescents in conflict with the criminal law as adults is part of a national pattern of lack of protection and promotion of rights of children, mainly due to an absence of a definition uniform of the concept "child" before the law that allows to protect the rights fundamentals of people under 18 years of age. 2. The United States played an important role in the promotion and establishment of a specialized approach to juvenile justice within its criminal justice system justice, with the aim of rehabilitating, instead of simply punishing, young people who are convicted of a crime. The first division of justice Juvenile was created in the United States, in the state of Illinois, in 1899; and in the After 25 years, all other states, except for 2, followed that example and established similar systems of juvenile justice courts. However, the Commission notes with great concern that in the decade 1980 this began to change. By the year 1990, many states of the United States United States approved regressive changes in their legislations and policies, with regarding children and adolescents in contact with the criminal law. The Details and ways of implementing these changes were diverse, but the general tendency was the refusal to access the systems of rehabilitation and juvenile justice, and consequently, the processing compulsory education of young people in the most punitive justice systems Adults. 3. The Commission notes with concern that, as a result of laws States that require or allow young people in conflict with the law be judged as adults, an estimated 200,000 children and adolescents in conflict with the law are tried annually before criminal courts to adults. The IACHR knows that most of the states of the United States maintains laws, policies and practices that allow for the deprivation of freedom to children in adult establishments. The Commission notes with concern the lack of information and data about children and adolescents in contact with the criminal law. 4. According to the information received by the Commission, there are three ways main factors by which children and adolescents enter the system of criminal justice for adults in the United States, based on legislation particular of each state. First, by means of laws that grant jurisdiction to the courts for adults to try people under 18 years. Second, through laws that allow cases of children they are transferred from the juvenile penal system to the adult criminal system. In third, as a result of hybrid sentencing laws that operate between jurisdictions of adult systems and juvenile systems, as well as other provisions with similar effects, such as the laws that establish that "once adults, they are always adults". 5. According to the information received by the Commission, the rights of the children and adolescents accused of committing crimes in the United States are duly protected at each stage of the process, which in turn negative consequences for those who are transferred and sentenced in the system for adults. In particular, the IACHR has received information on: absence of quality legal advice; the possibility that young people they can renounce their right to legal representation; the fact that the young people spend long periods of time waiting for the outcome of their cases; and the possibility that many young people end up in the adult system as a result of agreements negotiating the penalty, without understanding fully the consequences of such agreements. 6. In light of the information received and examined, the IACHR notes that -under the Current status of legislation in the United States regarding children and adolescents in conflict with the criminal justice system - certain laws, Policies and practices have a disproportionate and discriminatory impact on certain groups, which results in excessive representation of the members of these groups in the criminal justice system. This is the case of children and adolescents who are tried in the criminal justice system for adults and confined in adult detention centers. According to information received by the Commission, these disparities increase each time more in the criminal justice system, beginning with arrest and referral to the juvenile system, continuing with the transfer to adult courts, and ending with a conviction issued by adult courts, as well as with confinement in adult prisons. 7. States are not legally obliged to separate young people from adults, within the facilities of deprivation of liberty for adults. While the federal juvenile justice law, that is, the Juvenile Justice Law and Prevention of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act, JJDPA, for its acronym in English), in its revised text of 2002, establishes the separation between young people and adults as one of their basic requirements custody, its provisions do not apply to children and adolescents who they are in the adult system. This has serious implications for children and adolescents; among them, according to the information reported by several systems of prisons and large prisons, more than 10% of children, girls and adolescents has been subjected to solitary confinement, while smaller facilities have reported that 100% of children are keeps in isolation. In addition, no federal or state legislation in The United States prohibits the isolation of young people in facilities for Adults; Only a few states have references in their legislation Express about the use of solitary isolation Multiple studies in the United States have shown that prisons and Prisons for adults are harmful to children, as these facilities are designed for adults and are not equipped to keep children safe from the high risks of abuse and harm that they face within them. These risks include: young people who are found in adult establishments are five times more likely to suffer sexual abuse or rape, compared to those found in juvenile facilities 12; young people deprived of liberty in establishments for adults are also twice as likely as be physically assaulted by corrections personnel; they have one 50% greater chance of being attacked with a weapon13; and they have a high probability of witnessing, or even being the target, of violence committed by other persons deprived of liberty. 9. This report will examine the areas in which United States legislation fails to protect the rights of children in the justice system penal. In this context, the IACHR will analyze the provisions of the United States applicable to children and adolescents, in light of the international obligations of the state to protect and guarantee the rights of children and adolescents in conflict with the criminal law, particularly the right to be treated as children. Details: Washington, DC: The Commission, 2018. 158p. English versions is available at: http://www.oas.org/en/iachr/reports/pdfs/Children-USA.pdf Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 28, 2018 at: http://www.oas.org/es/cidh/informes/pdfs/NNA-USA.pdf - English version: http://www.oas.org/en/iachr/reports/pdfs/Children-USA.pdf Year: 2018 Country: United States URL: http://www.oas.org/es/cidh/informes/pdfs/NNA-USA.pdf Shelf Number: 151728 Keywords: Juvenile Court TransfersJuvenile Justice SystemsRights of the ChildWaiver (of Juvenile Court Jurisdiction) |
Author: Inter-American Children's Institute Title: Adolescent Criminal Liability Systems in the Americas Summary: 1. The Inter-American Children's Institute (IIN) is the Specialized Organization of the Organization of American States (OAS) responsible for promoting and contributing to the protection of the rights of children in the Americas, and for generating technical instruments which will strengthen the States' capacity to design and implement public policy in these areas. Two international instruments constitute the principal reference points for its activities: the Inter-American Democratic Charter and the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). 2. The IIN, composed by the OAS Member States represented on the Directing Council make this Institute a dynamic organism that can translate the needs and interests of the States into solutions for children and adolescents of the region. 3. As the body responsible for coordinating and generating input for the States, the IIN's Secretariat is a technical reference point in matters involving human rights and public policy for children in the hemisphere. By virtue of its direct contact with the governing bodies for children in OAS Member States, it has become the coordinating body of the principal regional efforts for the fulfillment of rights of children and adolescents. The IIN is, therefore, an institution that contributes technically to creating awareness regarding the problems affecting children, as well as to generating a sense of social responsibility in this respect. 4. Within the context of the Inter-American system, in addition to cooperating with the human rights agencies in disseminating and promoting these rights, the IIN fosters the design of comprehensive public policies that promote the best interest of children. Details: Montevideo, Uruguay, 2012. 71p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 14, 2019 at: http://www.iin.oea.org/pdf-iin/2016/publicaciones/Adolescent_Criminal_Liability_Sytems_in_the_Americas.pdf Year: 2012 Country: South America URL: http://www.iin.oea.org/pdf-iin/2016/publicaciones/Adolescent_Criminal_Liability_Sytems_in_the_Americas.pdf Shelf Number: 155824 Keywords: Adolescents and Crime Age of Responsibility Human Rights Juvenile Justice Systems Rights of the Child |
Author: Munoz, Luis Alberto Title: México - Niños y niñas con madres y padres encarcelados por delitos de drogas menores no violentos (Mexico - Children with mothers and fathers imprisoned for non-violent minor drug offenses) Summary: Problem Statement Throughout Latin America, drug policies have become tougher. In Mexico, particularly, This topic is extremely relevant. Since 2006, a policy to combat drug trafficking that has left thousands dead and disappeared (Aristegui, 2012). In addition, this policy has had various impacts on penal and penitentiary policy: criminalization of consumption (under legal figures such as "possession with intent to marketing "), mass arrests and convictions, violations of due process, restriction of pre-release benefits, among others. Therefore, this policy increased the number of people deprived of liberty for drug offenses. In this sense, it is estimated that, between December 2006 and December 2014, the population held in federal prisons for crimes against health increased 1,200% (WOLA, 2015). At the same time, there is a lack of public policies to deal with the damage caused by this war. has stopped: from assassinations of people outside the conflict in the clashes against the organized crime, even the helplessness of families that have lost a member this battle, whether by death, disappearance or, as far as this study is concerned, the deprivation of liberty (Pardo, 2016). The increase of persons deprived of liberty for drug offenses is very high, which is why wondering how many of those people are fathers or mothers? and, consequently, how many girls, boys and adolescents with imprisoned parents (NNAPES, from now on) 1 there are these crimes? What impact does deprivation of liberty for drug offenses have on NNAPES? of its significant adult referents ?, what has the State done to reduce or cancel this impact and restore the rights of the NNAPES? These questions served as the basis for the realization of this investigation. Background In Mexico, few investigations show the situation of the NNAPES, even less, when It is about NNAPES who do not live together with their parents in custody. Example of it is that, following up on an investigation prepared according to the Day of General Debate of the Committee on the Rights of the Child that, in 2011, addressed the situation of the NNAPES, the Commission of Human Rights of the City of Mexico issued the General Pronouncement: Rights of children and girls, sons and daughters of parents in prison (2013), which focuses on the boys and girls who are born and They grow up in prison with their mothers. Subsequently, the Mexican civil association Office for the Defense of Children's Rights, Together with the National Institute of Criminal Sciences, he published the book Invisible Prisoners: Sons and Daughters of women in seclusion (Griesbach et al., 2015). This study is based on interviews conducted focus groups of women incarcerated in the Women's Social Rehabilitation Center of Santa Martha Acatitla (Mexico City) who live with their sons and daughters; In addition, the staff was interviewed in charge of their care in said institution. This study focuses on the obligations Details: Church World Service, 2018. 47p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 16, 2019 at: http://www.cwslac.org/nnapes-pdd/docs/PDD-Mexico.pdf Year: 2019 Country: Mexico URL: http://www.cwslac.org/nnapes-pdd/docs/PDD-Mexico.pdf Shelf Number: 155868 Keywords: Children of PrisonersDrug OffendersFamilies of InmatesFemale OffendersRights of the Child |